Black Jack is a gambling, which is normally played in the play casino. The player plays thereby against the Croupier, an employee of the gaming house, which contrary to the player no free decision possibility has regarding the maps still which can be pulled, but this according to a firm rule to do or leave has. One plays with Spielkarten, of which everyone possesses a certain point value. In Casinos normally with 6 of deck (to in each case 52 maps) one plays, which are in the map carriage so mentioned. Thus to be prevented, the Croupier after mixing and sorting in the map carriages mark possible attempts out of noticing certain consequences (Card COUNTING) approximately a third of the maps, which are then not out-played.

A goal is to reach the score 21 or approach if possible close to the total value of 21. Asse count according to desire in or eleven points, pictures count ten points, all other maps count their imprinted point value.

As variant there are to 17 and 4 (see below), which is played with a Skatblatt and with that the maps of something other values to have.

At the beginning of a passage the player specifies his employment. Afterwards it receives two maps, which result in its starting point value. The Croupier receives likewise two maps, by which first however only one map is visible.

If the player with the first two maps already reached the score 21, because he received a ASS and to 10 and/or a picture, then that is so mentioned a "“Black Jack"”. The player gets i. the general 1,5-fache of its employment as profit, if the Croupier likewise does not reach a "“Black Jack"”. If the player with its first two maps does not have 21, then he knows, must however not, further maps demand, until he believes, sufficient points to have or to he the point value of 21 exceeds - in this case he immediately lost, no matter his employment, which point value of the Croupier obtains.

If the player does not want a further map, the Croupier pulls its maps according to firm rules, by taking a further map, if he has 16 points or less, and stopping, if he has 17 points or more. Afterwards the scores are compared. Credit of the players and the Croupier under 22 points, wins with the higher score. If the Croupier has 22 or more points, he lost. If the player wins, he wins i. the general height of its employment and receives the employment back. If the Croupier wins, the player loses his employment. With resembling and the player receives his employment back.

The player can double its employment after receipt of the first two maps under certain circumstances (usually at a value of the first two maps of 9, 10 and 11) exactly at this time and receives then still exactly one map. If he comes with this map on 21 points, this is not rated as "“Black Jack"”. This can mean that the player loses despite the 21 points, if the Croupier with its two maps obtains a "“Black Jack"”. Likewise it can divide the maps after receipt of the first two maps, if these are equivalent; it receives then to each individual map a further map, plays thus starting from then two plays at the same time, must however for the second play developed in such a way the same employment as in first again bring. Also at this constellation the player cannot obtain "“Black Jack"”.

"“Black Jack"” was likewise the pointed name of the Formel-1-Weltmeisters Jack Brabham.

Play strategy

The play strategy determines itself with the Black Jack by the following possibilities and/or the visible information:

• Own point value
• Visible point value of the Croupiers
• Possibility for doubles or for parts

With the help of probability calculations the optimal play way or strategy can be determined to each game situation. Edward O. Thorp, an American mathematician, determined by computer simulations 1962 appropriate decision tables for the first time and recognized that the rules at that time gave an advantage to the player with optimal play, what Thorp by practical studies in read Vegas, Reno and confirmed to other play places. He devised a system, with which he each map, depending on which meaning has its Ausspielen for the chance of winning, which number - 1, 0 or +1 assigned. The maps 2 to 6 are evaluated with +1, 7 to 9 with 0 and 10 and the photo maps also - 1. The player must only always take in account then and increase, as soon as the value goes into positives, the employment. Could set amounts higher according to Thorp one starting from 3 within the positive range.

Other players built portable computers, which did not count after the system described above, but after input over tracers in the shoes exactly the maps already out-played spent registered and appropriate results over light emitting diodes in eyeglasses. The functioned, only the casinos did not see it gladly and the equipments were remarkable at the time at that time by their size.

After publications of the possibility of counting in technical periodicals in the Casinos at the beginning of substantial against the map counters one proceeded. Then the rules were changed, in order to abolish the advantage of the player; however one became ever more refined the becoming only slowly gentleman. The play conditions were changed in such a way however generally in Germany that the player is today no more in the advantage, i.e. also with optimal play way money loses in the long term.

17 and 4

This variant is played with a Skatblatt. The play often takes place in private rounds. The maps have the values ASS = 11, king = 4, lady = 3, Bube = 2, 10 to 7 count their imprinted point value. It is the goal also here of reaching if possible the score 21 or of approaching as close ones as possible to the score of 21. The score 21 is considered also as reached, if the player or the bank holds only two Asse or five arbitrary pictures (kings, ladies, boys), in both cases however no further maps. The player wins immediately, if he reaches the score 21. If it has less than 21, then is now the bank at the course, which must play openly. With resembling and the bank wins depending upon the fixed rules of the players or. Who buys dead, thus with the last taken map the score 21 exceeds, lost immediately and does not have its maps not to show. The bank can hide naturally only the last map. If the player wins, the bank insight into the maps of the player can require, even if it bought dead.

With 17 and 4 after mixing is taken off and the map highest thereafter is turned and all players shown. It is then put openly under the map impact. In many rounds must again be mixed and taken off, if this map were a ASS or 10. With each book 30 maps of the Skatblattes are distributed, the 31. Map, the secondarylowest map of the map impact, which also cover map is called, may not be distributed. Otherwise the bank lost immediately. Footstep this case in the current play, meant is the play straight of the playing player against the bank, in, then a new book must be begun, whereby the player can keep its past maps or require completely new maps. The employment set so far remains existing.

In private rounds each player is in sequence once the bank, whereby like many books the bank is put often firmly minimum give must and maximally give may, so that each player can be at least once the bank. Each player plays in sequence once against the bank (round). The respective bank gives an employment in the Pott or pot, usually the center of the play table. Each player can play maximally around this employment. Usually a minimum employment is put firmly, around which must be played. After the receipt of the first map the player specifies his employment. In order to increase the employment, the player must take a further map. If the player wins, then he infers appropriate amount the Pott from his last employment, loses he, then he must give this amount in the Pott, whereby the Pott and thus the possible maximum employment for the next player become larger. If the Pott is empty and the bank must or wants to play further, then it must give an employment in the Pott again. If the bank may stop, then the current round must be played still to end. The amount remained thereafter in the Pott is the profit of the bank. Strictly taken a use of money or monetary values is legally not correct in the private sector (illegal gambling).

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