The (also nutshell play) is a simple skill play for two or more player. For the it comes on on it, courses of motion with three (small cups to implement as fast and skillfully as possible while the fellow player observes it exactly, in order to be able to still determine following the actions of the player, under which this a before platzierter article is.

Well-known and notoriously the play is in the meantime as, extremely lucrative, fraudulent illegal gambling operated world-wide, which is played on in larger cities and tourism centers strongly frequented public places, e.g. in pedestrian precincts, in station zones or on flea markets.

Expiration of the play

The sets up next to each other three homogeneous to a cardboard box, or also directly on the bitumen, on a mobile document, which can be diminished with the appearance of the police in seconds, for example usually e.g. halved whale nutshells, the thrust fan of matchboxes or crown corks. Under one this leaves it a small article, about a Papierkugel or a pepper grain, disappears and exchanges then several times and very fast the places of the among themselves. Subsequently, a spectator is animated to set an amount specified before on it that he still knows after the last shift, under which the the article is. The spectator determines, which is to be uncovered; if it tapped correctly, it receives its employment from the player doubled back; if it tapped wrongly, it loses its employment-related and in the play area the fraudulent pack of cards is homogeneous.

Fraudulent deception of the spectator

The attractiveness of the play is connected with it that the spectator for several reasons has the wrong feeling, it can out of the play as a winner go out. This already begins with the outside appearance that it concerns with the a pure skill play, with which the chance of winning on would depend how good the spectator is in addition able to pursue the with the eyes. This is however possible with to some extent fast players, which in addition still with bag-player-cheat the attention of the observer to divert understand, never.

The spectator must itself instead, whether conscious or unconscious, whereupon to shift, to guess the correct and thereby into a gambling situation it goes, which resembles only apparently chances of winning (50%) for players and spectators offers. This misunderstanding is caused v.a. by the rate procedure at the end of the play, if the spectator has obviously two possibilities of guessing/advising i.e. correctly or evenly wrongly. The chances of winning are however extremely unequally distributed actually: Since the spectator between three has to select, from which only the correct can be, has it statistically only one profit prospect of 33% in relation to a profit prospect of 66% on sides of the player.

As soon as the spectator realizes these bad profit prospects, it will normally fast terminate or will not even begin the play; therefore the activities of the player are directed to deceive the potential victim over this realization away. This takes place e.g. by means of it that an accomplice of the player functions as bait, repeated on the play participates and - on an indication agreed upon before on the correct position of the object "“types"” and then the profit to the light taken the money. In addition the bait can participate also in the play and tap consciously wrongly, although the correct position of the object was clearly visible, so that with the standing around the feeling develops that one would have better known it. Finally the for its victims arranges regularly small by playing intentionally more awkwardly, in order to tempt those to further Mitspielen.

Whether against it - as is frequently accepted - the the play additionally manipulate, by pushing the article during the play sophistiated under another or removing it completely from the play, is disputed. Such a procedure would be very risky and is besides completely unnecessarily in view of the fraudulent deception possibilities given anyway during an allegedly fair play.

Organization of the play

The is frequently in mafiosen gangs organized, which ensure that no strange "“offerers"” can to act in the area stressed in each case and be exhausted to the one majority of the profit are. In addition the play operators arise rarely individually: Perhaps one or more partners take part to the light in the play, animate the spectators to the participation, hold it by force from the collection of being entitled profits or are available, in order to warn the player, if the police approaches the play place. The players are sold by the police because of bad business activity regularly by their locations, are normally not pursued however because of fraudulent illegal gambling kriminalistisch.

Historical

Probably the was already medievally well-known; it is a game variant of the cup play, one the oldest delivered bag-player-cheats the charm artist and Gaukler at all, with whom usually three balls or similar articles between three cups are back and forth jongliert. And as in the painting of the Gaukler the Netherlands painter Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) at the figure of the bag cutter (completely left) to see, was already susceptible also the cup play to accompanying criminal activities.

Johann fish type brings 16 in its Affentheurlich Naupengeheurlichen Geschichtklitterung at the end. Century the "“guarding flax players"” likewise in connection with other cheats such as Johann George 200 years later. In its Encyclop¤die it means for example: "“in aeltern, become huetchenspielern together with riemenstechern and others polizeyverordnungen betriegern the country verbothen."” (1783, P. 45, zit. after German legal dictionary - dictionary of the older German legal terminology, DRW on-line).

Related links

• Play-theoretical and statistic analysis of the
• German legal dictionary (DRW): '' '' with 1783
• dito: '' Guarding flax players '' with fish type 1582

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